Nutshells highlight results, management implications, and associated publications and products for selected research conducted through the Leopold Institute. The Nutshells Project is ongoing and will include future research results as they become available. To see a list of all completed research conducted through the Institute since 1995 go to Completed Research.

Nutshells are available in .PDF format using the freely available Acrobat Reader.

Understanding and Managing Ecosystems

• The Feasibility Of Wildland Fire Use (WFU) For Restoring Natural Fire Regimes  [N026]
  Carol Miller and Brett Davis

• Global Amphibian Declines: A Review Of Some Current Hypotheses  [N024]
  Steve Corn

• Seasonal Migration Of Columbia Spotted Frogs In A High Mountain Basin  [N021]
  David Pilliod and Charles Peterson

• Invasive And Exotic Species In National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Areas  [N023]
  Douglas Tempel, Amy Cilimburg, and Vita Wright

• Mapping Past And Potential Fire Regimes  [N013]
  Matthew G. Rollins, Thomas W. Swetnam, and Penelope Morgan

• Wildlife Management Activities In Wilderness Areas In The SW United States  [N012]
  Paul R. Krausman and Brian Czech

• Is Ultraviolet Radiation Contributing To A Decline In Boreal Toads?  [N003]
  Steve Corn

Wilderness and Social Systems

• Understanding Wilderness Land Use Conflicts In The Far North  [N028]
  Joan Kluwe

• The Relationship Between Native People And The Western Arctic National Parklands  [N029]
  Alex Whiting

• Community Values In The Bitterroot Valley As Input To Fuels Reduction  [N030]
  Alan Watson and Kari Gunderson

• Changes In Human Relationships With Wilderness In The U.S.  [N016]
  Alan Watson and David Cole

• Wilderness In The Circumpolar North: Searching For Compatibility In Ecological, Traditional, And Ecotourism Values  [N022]
  Alan Watson, Lilean Alessa, and Janet Sproull

• Relational Marketing: Focusing On Relationships Between The Public And Public Lands  [N018]
  Alan Watson and William Borrie

Recreation - Ecological Impacts

• Managing Recreational Impacts To Mountain Vegetation: Plant Response To Trampling  [N027]
  David Cole and Christopher Monz

• Vegetative Response To Pack Stock Grazing In Mountain Meadows  [N025]
  David Cole and Jan van Wagtendonk

• Factors That Limit Compliance With Low-Impact Recommendations  [N020]
  David Cole, James Harding, and Bill Borrie

• Restoring Recreation-Impacted Subalpine Sites In The Bitterroot Mountains, Montana  [N019]
  David Cole and Catherine Zabinski

• Impacts Of Trout Stocking On Amphibian Populations  [N007]
  David Pilliod, Charles Peterson, and Peter Landres

• Reducing The Impacts Of Pack Stock At Campsites  [N006]
  Dave Spildie, David Cole, and Sarah C. Walker

• Llamas, Horses And Hikers: Do They Cause Different Amounts Of Impact?  [N004]
  Thomas H. DeLuca, William A. Patterson, IV, Wayne A. Freimund, and David Cole

Recreation - Visitors and Visitor Experiences

• Understanding Wilderness Visitor Experiences At Gates Of The Arctic  [N031]
  Alan Watson, Brian Glaspell, Katie Kneeshaw, and Don Pendergrast

• High-Use Destinations In Wilderness: Visitor Impacts And Responses  [N015]
  David Cole

• Factors Influencing Wilderness Campsite Choices And Perceptions Of Resource Impacts  [N014]
  David Cole, Troy Hall, Dave White, and Tracy Farrell

• Visitor Displacement: Is It Inevitable?  [N011]
  Troy Hall and David Cole

• Visitor Encounters And The Quality Of Wilderness Experiences?  [N010]
  William P. Stewart and David Cole

• Day Users In Wilderness: How Different Are They?  [N009]
  David Cole

• Influence Of Campsite Restoration On Visitors  [N008]
  Joe Flood, Leo McAvoy, and Alan Watson

• Jet Boating And The Wilderness Experience  [N005]
  Michael E. Patterson, Robert Goodrich, Alan Watson, and Annette Puttkammer

Management/Communication Tools

• Idaho's Salmon River: Legislative Intent, Science, And Special Provisions In Wilderness  [N032]
  Alan Watson and Michael E. Patterson

• Desolation Wilderness Case Study: Visitor Response To Fees  [N017]
  Alan Watson, Christine Vogt, Daniel Williams and Steven Martin

• National Wilderness Preservation System Database  [N002]
  Peter Landres and Shannon Meyer

• Evaluating A Wilderness Education Program For Children: The Impact Monster  [N001]
  Bill Hendricks and Alan Watson

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